Yoga & Kundalini Energy


We know that Om, "ॐ" is the sound of the cosmos. We can regenerate this sound within ourself and resonate along with the universe. The energy created will be tremondous.

The "Chakras" are the seven main energy centers in the body. They are located along the Spine, starting at the base and running upwards to the crown of the head. The Chakras are described as "whirling disks of light", and each Chakra radiates a specific color and energy. As each Chakra relates to specific spiritual, emotional, psychological and physical issues, the conscious awareness and the balancing of these energy centers lead to well-being.

Muladhara: coccyx, base of the spine, at the perineum
Svadhistana: sacral plexus, genital area
Manipura: solar plexus, navel center
Anahata: cardiac plexus, heart center
Visshuddha: thoracic plexus, throat center
Ajna: pituitary center, eyebrow center
Sahasrara: crown of the head
Kundalini is an enormous reserve of untapped potential within each of us. At the base of the spine (@Muladhara Chakra), subtler than the physical body, lies the Kundalini energy, or spiritual energy, in a latent form.

Yogic Power or perfection in Yoga is achieved by arousing this Supreme Force. After awakening this Kundalini Shakti, you have to take this Supreme Power upward, through the Sushumna Nadi by Yogic method, from Muladhara Chakra to the crown of the head (Sahasrara). Then you will get various Yogic powers. The six stages in Kundalini Awakening are:

Prana usually flow in Ida or Pingala
Prana is made to flow (causing balance) in Ida and Pingala
Prana is made to flow in Sushumna
Kundalini energy is awakened
Kundalini is lead upwards
Kundalini rises to Sahasrara
The ability to balance Ida and Pingala, and cause Prana to flow in Sushumna is the most essential preparation for Meditation and Kundalini Awakening. After the upward journey of Kundalini, coursing through the Sushumna channel and the chakras along the way, it is finally brought to the crown chakra, Sahasrara.

This union is the Realization of the Absolute, and is the meaning of Yoga. An accomplished, Purnayogi in the path of Kundalini Yoga is in possession of eight major Siddhis, viz., Anima, Mahima, Laghima, Garima, Prapti, Prakamya, Vasitvam and Ishitvam.

1. Anima: The Yogi can become as minute as he pleases.

2. Mahima: This is the opposite of Anima. He can become as big as he likes. He can make his body assume a very large size. He can fill up the whole universe. He can assume a Virat Svarupa.

3. Laghima: He can make his body as light as cotton or feather. Vayustambhanam is done through this Siddhi. In Jalastambhanam also the power is exercised to a very small degree. The body is rendered light by Plavini Pranayama. The Yogi produces a diminution of his specific gravity by swallowing large draughts of air. The Yogi travels in the sky with the help of this Siddhi. He can travel thousands of miles in a minute.

4. Garima: This is the opposite of Laghima. In this the Yogi acquires an increase of specific gravity. He can make the body as heavy as a mountain by swallowing draughts of air.

5. Prapti: The Yogi standing on the earth can touch the highest things. He can touch the sun or the moon or the sky. Through this Siddhi the Yogi attains his desired objects and supernatural powers. He acquires the power of predicting future events, the power of clairvoyance, clairaudience, telepathy, thought-reading, etc. He can understand the languages of the beasts and birds. He can understand unknown languages also. He can cure all diseases.

6. Prakamya: He can dive into the water and can come out at any time he likes. The late Trilinga Swami of Benares used to live for six months underneath the Ganges. It is the process by which a Yogi makes himself invisible sometimes. By some writers it is defined to be the power of entering body of another (Parakaya Pravesh). Sri Sankara entered the body of Raja Amaruka of Benares. Tirumular in Southern India entered the body of a shepherd. Raja Vikramaditya also did this. It is also the power of keeping a youth-like appearance for any length of time. Raja Yayati had this power.

7. Vashitvam: This is the power of taming wild animals and bringing them under control. It is the power of mesmerising persons by the exercise of will and of making them obedient to one's own wishes and orders. It is the restraint of passions and emotions. It is the power to bring men, women and the elements under subjection.

8. Ishitvam: It is the attainment of divine power. The Yogi becomes the Lord of the universe. The Yogi who has this power can restore life to the dead. Kabir, Tulsidas, Akalkot Swami and others had this power of bringing back life to the dead.

Minor Siddhis

The Yogi acquires the following minor Siddhis also:

Freedom from hunger and thirst.
Freedom from the effects of heat and cold.
Freedom from Raga-Dvesha.
Doora Darshan, clairvoyance or Dooradrishti.
Doora Sravan, clairaudience or Doora Sruti and Doora Pravachana.
Mano-Jaya, control of mind.
Kama Rupa: The Yogi can take any form he likes.
Parakaya Pravesha: He can enter into another body, can animate a dead body and enter into it by transferring his soul.
Iccha-Mrityu: Death at his will.
Devanam Saha Kreeda and Darshana: Playing with the gods after seeing them.
Yatha Sankalpa: Can get whatever he likes.
Trikala-Jnana: Knowledge of past, present and future.
Advandva: Beyond the pairs of opposites.
Vak-Siddhi: Whatever the Yogi predicts will come to pass by the practice of Satya, Prophecy.
The Yogi can turn base metal into gold.
Kaya-Vyuha: Taking as many bodies as the Yogi likes to exhaust all his Karmas in one life.
Darduri-Siddhi: The jumping power of a frog.
Patala-Siddhi: Yogi becomes Lord of desire, destroys sorrows and diseases.
He gets knowledge of his past life.
He gets knowledge of the cluster of stars and planets.
He gets the power of perceiving the Siddhas.
He gets mastery of the elements (Bhuta Jaya), mastery of Prana (Prana Jaya).
Kamachari: He can move to any place he likes.
He gets omnipotence and omniscience.
Vayu-Siddhi: The Yogi rises in the air and leaves the ground.
He can point out the place where a hidden treasure lies.
"Kundalini awakening and raising has never been easier"
Yoga Nadis Nadis or channels are the Astral tubes made up of astral matter that carry psychic currents. Since they are made up of subtle matter, they are not visible to the naked physical eye. It is through these Nadis that the vital force or Pranic current flows in the body. These Yoga Nadis are not the ordinary nerves, arteries and veins. Our body is filled with innumerable Nadis. There are about 3,50,000 Nadis in the body.

Nadis play a vital role in Kunadalini Yoga. Kundalini, when awakened will pass through SUSHUMNA NADI and this is possible only when the Nadis are pure. Therefore the first step in Kundalini Yoga is the purification of Nadis. For this purpose, you have to do various Yogic Kriyas (practices) such as Dhauti, Bhasti, Neti, Tratak, Nauli, Kapalabhati, Pranayama etc.

All the Nadis (channels) spring up from the KANDA (It is like a shape of an egg and it is covered with membranes. This is just above the Muladhara Chakra). Out of the innumerable Nadis, Ayurveda mentions 72,000 different Nadis.

Tantra Yoga identifies 14 principal nadis:

SUSHUMNA
IDA
PINGALA
GANDHARI
HASTAJHIVA
KUHU
SARASWATI
PUSHA
SANKHINI
PAYASWINI
VARUNI
ALUMBUSHA
VISHVADHARA
YASASVINI
IDA (moon), PINGALA (sun) & SUSHUMNA are the most important of the fourteen Nadis and SUSHUMNA is the Chief Nadi. The other nadis are subordinate to Sushumna.

Sushumna

Passes through the spinal column, originating in the Muladhara Chakra and terminating in the Sahasrara Chakra, diving in an anterior and posterior branch before reaching the Ajna Chakra. The Sushumna generally remains dormant when the other Nadis flow strongly and is activated only when the breath comes through both nostrils simultaneously. It can also be activated through pranayama and Swar Yoga and operates automatically at dawn and dusk, calming down the system and making meditation easy.

Ida

The Ida Nadi starts and ends to the left of the Sushumna, but is also connected with the left testicle in males. It terminates in the left nostril, stimulating the right side of the brain. It is feminine in energy, carries pranic energy and is one of the most important mental nadis. As it nourishes and purifies the body and the mind, it is also called Ganga in Tantric scriptures. When Sushumna is not working, activating the Ida Nadi is the best way to facilitate meditation.

Pingala

The Pingala Nadi starts and ends to the right of Sushumna. It is the carrier of solar, male energy, adding vitality, physical strength and efficiency. It is also purifying like Ida Nadi, but cleansing like fire. It is activated by the breath in the right nostril where it stimulates the left side of the brain. Bhedana pranayama is used to activate this nadi and is recommended for physical activities, debates and, indeed, duels.

CONSCIOUSNESS: THE NEXT FRONTIER OF SCIENCE
Is it possible to live a superhuman life in this human body?
Does such a state as 'enlightenment' really exist?
Are some individuals actually wired differently from the rest of us?
Are the expressions of an enlightened consciousness scientifically quantifiable?
Can spiritual states be transmitted from master to disciple?

For centuries, science and spirituality have been battling it out on these issues of perennial importance for humanity. Although spiritual teachers have always maintained that enlightenment is a 'real' phenomenon, and a perfectly realizable goal for every human being, the scientific community has naturally been unwilling to accept this without solid proof. It is only in the recent past that science has made a sustained effort to demystify the ancient yogic sciences and accumulate sound medical evidence that explains why the spiritually super-evolved are blessed with 'powers' that the rest of us can only dream about.

 Although the results of these studies continue to intrigue the world of medical science, we now have growing proof that a range of extraordinary abilities do lie latent in every human being, just outside the sphere of our current experience. Not to be awakened by effort alone, these abilities (known in Sanskrit as siddhis) also ask of us a life of intense moral integrity, deep devotion to Truth and an unquestioning surrender to the flow of Existence - the Divine, the Tao, God or whatever else we may choose to call that most intimate mystery of our lives.

Poised delicately on the border of the scientific and the mystical, these phenomena serve to remind us, as Einstein was to famously observe, that science without religion is lame, while religion without science is blind. It also leaves us with the unsettling realization that we may be much more than we can ever imagine, divine beings merely enjoying a human experience, slumbering spiritual giants only awaiting the touch of awakening.

Explore the Spiritual Science
Kundalini Awakening

Materialization - Science of the impossible

Praana Praanapratishta

Overcome the Top 10 Causes of Workplace Stress

Overcome the Top 10 Causes of Workplace Stress

Workplace stress is on the rise and it's costing corporate America a fortune. Some estimate that 80% of health care costs are stress related, and these expenses go right to the bottom line.

According to CNN-Money.com, Americans spent more than $17 billion for anti-depressants and anti-anxiety drugs in 2002, up 10% from the year before and nearly 30% over a two year period.

The Institute for Management Excellence reports that American industry spends more than $26 billion each year for medical bills and disability payments with another $10 billion for executive's lost workdays, hospitalization, and early death.

In addition to these staggering figures, stress takes its toll through the added costs of quality control, legal challenges, lost opportunities, poor performance, bad attitudes, and training.

We cannot do much about the skyrocketing costs of medical care and prescription drugs, but we can take immediate action to control the top ten causes of stress as identified by The Global Business and Economic Roundtable on Addiction and Mental Health.

The countdown is:

10. "Workload" - Employees report that they are often stressed when they have too little or too much to do. Managers need to divide responsibilities and help employees prioritize work that must be done. Make sure you understand the impact before shifting responsibilities. Take into account the cost of stress before you increase anyone's workload or hire more people.

9. "Random interruptions" - Telephones, pagers, walk-in visits, and spontaneous demands from supervisors all contribute to increased stress. Time management, delegation of responsibilities, and clarification of expectations can reduce these stressors. 8. "Pervasive uncertainty" - Stress levels increase rapidly when people are confronted by new requirements and procedures. Keeping people informed controls stress and increases productivity. Put details in a memo so they can review the facts following your explanations.

8. "Pervasive uncertainty" - Stress levels increase rapidly when we are confronted by new requirements and procedures. Finding out what's going on and keeping staff informed helps control stress and increases productivity. Write out the information in a memo so you can review the facts. Staff members will appreciate the written analysis.

7. "Mistrust and unfairness" - These situations keep everyone on edge, create bad attitudes, and lower productivity. It is important to keep an open line of communication to avoid misunderstanding and know what people are thinking about your decisions. Managers must consistently build trust and give equal treatment - just do the right thing.

6. "Unclear policies and no sense of direction" -Lack of focus causes uncertainty and undermines confidence in management. You need more than a well-written policy manual. Enforcement of policies and clear communications are essential.

To make sure everyone gets the message, you can repeat your explanation in a variety of ways -repetition and feedback are important. Reinforce policies through memos, articles, bulletin board postings, personal meetings, and small group discussions.

5. "Career and job ambiguity" - If people are uncertain about their jobs and careers, there is a feeling of helplessness and of being out of control. In addition to the trusted job descriptions and annual personnel reviews, people need to understand a broad range of issues that affect the company.

News of mergers, consolidations, plant closings, and restructuring contribute to a feeling of helplessness. Management must keep people informed about situations that will affect their jobs, or the rumor mill will add to an already stressful situation.

4. "No feedback - good or bad" - People want to know whether they are meeting expectations. Consistent, written and verbal, personalized feedback is required. Some people need more attention than others, but everyone's performance is enhanced if leaders frequently affirm individual efforts.

3. "No appreciation" - Failure to show appreciation generates stress that endangers productivity throughout the company. There are many ways to demonstrate appreciation, but the most effective is a sincere comment about how much the person means to you and the company.

2. "Lack of communications" - Poor communication leads to decreased performance and increased stress. Management memos and announcements work well for distributing information, but two-way conversation improves communication and solicits ideas and suggestions while reducing stress and complaints.

1. "Lack of control" - Workplace stress is at its greatest when employees have no say regarding things that affect them. You can decrease sensitivity to all the other stressors and give a sense of being in control by involving employees in operating and administrative decisions and acting on their input. Frontline employees know what they are talking about. Listening to what they have to say reduces stress and increases productivity.

Effective managers understand that stress control is a leadership responsibility and give it just as much attention as any other management function.

Grasping the concepts and reducing stress one step at a time can have an amazing impact on your bottom line --and on the lives of those who do the heavy work.

Thanks and Regards

Skanda kumar K M

ANCIENT AIRCRAFTS

Vimana Fourth-Density Craft

Ancient Sanskrit knowledge is preserved in humanity's oldest books, the Vedas of India, relating the technological feats of a civilization capable of not only airborne flight but even interplanetary travel. Yet, as in our contemporary industry, these advanced achievements were plagued by destructive technologies.

The Vedic Mahabharata text details the destructive effects of nuclear warfare with unmistakable descriptions of the mushroom cloud and radiation sickness - a text that was completely beyond modern comprehension until the events of 1945 at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. The melted remains of those two modern cities informed a new understanding of the fate of ancient cities like Pakistan's Harrapa and Moenjo-daro, which evidently suffered an identical nuclear annihilation several thousand years ago as attested by still radioactive skeletons strewn about their streets.

The complex technical knowledge contained in these oldest Vedic scriptures has already produced breakthroughs in material science which provide insight into one of the most deeply veiled aspects of ancient human technology - the control of gravity. Later Sanskrit texts such as the Vimana Shastra (quoting Lohatantra), Amsu Bodhini, and Kritaka Vajra Nirnaya, contain extensive metallurgical formulations of various alloys of gold, silver, copper, zinc and iron.

Based on dictations of the texts and formulae by the late Pandit Subbaraya Shastri of Anekal (1855-1940), contemporary metallurgists in India have successfully produced alloys new to science by following the ancient manuals. Dr. C.S.R. Prabhu has documented several of these rediscovered alloys in his paper 'Ancient Indian Metallurgy':

     Tamogarbha Loha: Already produced in the laboratory, light in weight, black in color, found to be resistant to acids. 

     Displayed high level of absorption for laser light... This alloy was used in 'Tamo Yantra' in the Vimana Shastra for the 

     purposes of absorption of light escaping from a photochemical reaction... thereby generating 'darkness'...

     Pancha Loha: A copper alloy, which is highly malleable and also highly corrosion resistant to moisture and salt (NaCl) 

     water. Already produced and characterized to possess golden yellow color (Hema Varnam)...

     Arama Tamra: A copper alloy zinc, lead and iron of light absorption. Already produced and possesses golden yellow to 

     reddish tinge. Brittle, light and... very hard, Young's modulus 16.9 (described in Sanskrit text as 'Dridham')...

The direct application of these new alloys in the advancement of gravity control technology has been experimentally tested and reported by more than one group. Fran De Aquino, physicist at Maranhao State University in S. Luis, Brazil, has precisely defined the antigravitic effects observed in the acoustic levitation of electroluminescent objects:

     According to the weak form of Einstein's general relativity equivalence principle, the gravitational and inertial masses  

     are equivalent... [To the contrary,] we have shown that the gravitational mass and the inertial mass are correlated by  

     an adimensional factor, which depends on the incident radiation upon the particle. It was shown that only in the 

     absence of electromagnetic radiation this factor becomes equal to 1 and that... it can be reduced, nullified or made 

     negative by means of extra-low frequency (ELF) radiation.

     We have studied the possibility to control the gravity on luminescent materials and have concluded that 

     electroluminescent materials with high refractive indices are a new and efficient solution for gravity control technology. 

     [Below are contactee Eduard Albert Meier's photographs of Plejaren 'beamships', with standing wave resonance maps 

     superimposed.]

HIGH TECHNOLOGY IN ANCIENT SANSKRIT MANUSCRIPTS

Bharadwaja’s Vimana Shastra deals with advanced metallurgy, material science, machine

design, mechanical engineering and rocketry. The text describes detailed procedures in

the preparation of several hundreds of materials such as Alloys and Glasses which are

unknown to modern science. Most of these materials can be reproduced in the laboratory

even now. Some of the principles of metallurgy which are brought out in the textual

description indicates an advanced development in technology and engineering. About 31

machines (yantras) are also described with their construction procedures. Experimental

investigation has been conducted for the materials part of the text. Several materials can

be reproduced in the laboratory. By investigation it was found that they have special

properties which are not available in any known materials of modern times. One

machine “Vakra Prasarana Yantra” was reproduced as a working model and is found to

be novel gear mechanism with sixteen gear wheels. In addition, “Agni Sthambana”, a

fire proofing spray, “Anahara” a food substitute have also been produced. Patents are

also being obtained for some of these items.

===

1. Introduction.

This paper aims at presenting the preliminary results of the study and investigation on

a few rare ancient Indian Scientific Shastras in Sanskrit. While there is a general

opinion that at some point in the prehistoric or protohistoric times India had a highly

developed technological society, there has been till now no real corroboration of this

opinion.

The recent study and experimental investigations of a few rare and obscure Sanskrit

works of Scientific nature has provided some basis, especially in the fields of

Chemistry, Metallurgy and material science that there could have indeed existed an

advanced technological status of the society, atleast in these fields, at some point of time

in India's pre or protohistory.

This paper attempts to present these initial results which include the procurement and

decipherment of manuscripts and also the experimental laboratory preparation of the

deciphered materials. A working model of a machine “Vakra Prasarana Yantra” is made.

2. History & Background

During January 1991 a set of Sanskrit manuscripts have been procured from a

source at Bangalore. While most of the manuscripts procured were never

published,

limited publication was done for (a) Vimana Shastra and (b) Amsu

Bodhini, both ascribed to Maharishi Bharadwaja.

Based on the study and investigation performed till now, the following history,

background and origin of the system of Ancient Sanskrit Shastras have been identified:

(i) An integrated system of ancient scientific shastras has been identified. This system

is based on an integrated framework of concepts and principles unique and

characteristic to ancient Indian literature including Vedic, Puranic and Ayurvedic

components.

These concepts have not much in common with modern science.

However, the concepts can be tested only by independent physical verification. Since

theoretical models of physical phenomena can be varied with time, the conceptual

framework or model may not affect the physical phenomena themselves or the

experimental results thereby achieved on empirical basis.

The Shastras covered in this system run into over a hundred in number with subjects

as wide ranging as Chemistry, Metallurgy, Engineering, Architecture and Medicine

(human, veterinary and plant). We will be presently dealing with only the specific set

of shastras which have been located by us during 1991, though there may be many

other sources of shastras traditionally or otherwise which have not been dealt by us.

(ii) While only a few of the total system of Shastras have actually been orally

delivered and subsequently recorded into writing around 1912 A.D., more than twenty

of them are supposed to have been actually available physically with the main source,

namely the late Pandit T Subbaraya Sastry of Anekal (near Bangalore) during the period

of 1875 to 1930 A.D.

(iii) Pandit Subbaraya Sastry was apparently only a medium for oral delivery from his

memory (which he reportedly acquired from his Guru) of the Shastras which were written

down either in parts or in whole by others (as G Venkatachala Sharma of Bangalore) who

acted only as scribes.

About twenty Shastras were orally delivered by him in parts and handwritten

manuscripts (on old paper) were produced during 1911-1940 as indicated by the dates

recorded by the scribe. (though he himself had access to them even during 1865-

1911).

Some extracts of the Shastras were also printed in a few articles in journal `Bhoutica

Kalanidhi' by late Shri B Suryanaraya Rau (grandfather of Shri B V Raman of Bangalore

who displayed them also).

(iv) While reportedly Pandit Subbaraya Shastry had access to these Shastras through

his Guru Maharaj (who was also a Yogi) the exact means and channels of acquisition

have not yet been determined clearly. Possibilities of Yogic meditation, trance or other

extranormal states being the cause for this cannot be ruled out, apart from regular

memorization for oral delivery.

(v) The small set of Shastras actually delivered have quoted extensively from various

other texts, including dictionaries, attributed to various authors of Vedic, Post Vedic

periods on varied subjects of scientific nature. None of these texts have been located

from any other sources, though the subject matter covered in them can be traced to be

common to many Sanskrit works on related subjects e.g.

Ayurvedic texts and

Nighantus (Dictionaries).

(vi) Notwithstanding the unclear origin of these texts (for which reason many persons

claimed that these shastras are not authentic or genuine) some of the contents of these

texts have been investigated in terms of physical experimentation by trying out in the

laboratory, the given formulae for the preparation of materials as alloys, glasses,

ceramics, etc., as described in these texts. The decipherment process was primarily

involved in tracing the synonyms of the words used for the input ingredients for making

various materials by using Ayurvedic sources as Dictionaries.

List of procured manuscripts of Ancient Scientific Shastras in Sanskrit.

Tittle

(i) Vimana Shastra (or Vaimanika Prakaranam)

(ii) Amsu Bhodhini

(iii) Kritakavajra Nirnaya (of Ratna Pradeepika)

(iv) Jalatatwa Prakarna

(v) Apatatwa Upanyasa

(vi) Rajya Tantra

Author ascribed

Maharishi

Bharadwaja

- do -

Not clear

- do -

- do -

Majahrishi

Yanjyavalkya

3. The Decipherment Process

Among the various manuscripts procured, the following were mainly studied:

(i) Vimana Shastra (or Vaimanika Prakaranam a chapter

Sarvasva)

of Bhardwaja's Yantra

(ii) Amsu Bodhini

(iii) Kritaka Vajra Nirnaya

The decipherment process centrally concerned itself on the identification of

practicable formulae for chemical preparations (in

the laboratory) from the

corresponding Sanskrit descriptions and recipes for the preparation of the materials as

alloys, glasses and ceramics, as per the ancient methods in terms of notions, concepts

and framework which were unique to the Shastras. The only common grounds with

modern times were the input ingredient materials, which after decipherment could be

identified either as equivalents of simple inorganic materials in the laboratory (as metals

as copper, lead etc) or alternatively complex organic materials from the nature such as

herbs, roots, gums, resins, barks and mineral ores largely known to the Ayurveda

system, as is practised today, both by AyurvedicPhysicians and Ayurvedic Chemists

and Pharmacists.

The decipherment process which was quite tedious and complex, primarily involved

finding the equivalent modern Sanskrit words for names of input ingredients for

preparations of various materials. Since most of the words used in the manuscripts

were quite archaic they have gone out of use in more recent (classical) Sanskrit, the

Ayurvedic Nighantus or dictionaries helped to a partial extent in giving the more

recent equivalents for such words. However there are quite a number of words for

which no more recent equivalents have yet been found. The search efforts are still in

progress.

The second part of the effort lies in finding the equivalent Indian Language word for

Sanskrit word i.e. Hindi or Telugu equivalent which can be used for actual

identification of herb or mineral ore in the market or in the nature in general. In this

connection substantial help was obtained from Ayurvedic Physicians and Chemists.

The third step is procuring the identified materials from natural sources (e.g. mineral

ore), a task sometimes becoming a very difficult, as some of the materials are vary rare

and may not be available in the modern times.

The fourth step involves the actual preparation of the described material (as an alloy

or a ceramic or glass) by mixing the identified input ingredients in the proportion

given in the Sanskrit original.

At this stage the modern Chemistry laboratory was utilised and the melting and

cooling procedures were performed according to the directions given in Sanskrit

manuscripts.

The mixing proportions were given in terms of relative units in weight. The units of

temperature used were in `Kakshyas' and the exact interpretation of `Kakshya' is not

yet known, though roughly it has been equated (as 1 Kakshya = 12.5 C) at low

temperatures (this scale may not be linear at higher temperatures).

The procedure for heat treatment was also given in Sanskrit sources in terms of either

sudden pouring or gradual cooling or slow pouring to produce various effects and

different properties.

As regards the equipment to be used, in all experiments only the modern laboratory

equipment was used, though descriptions in Sanskrit were varied as various types of

crucibles (mooshas), bellows (bhastris) and furnaces (kundas) of ancient times (which

are not available now).

4. Status Report

Ancient Indian texts and manuscripts pertaining to Science & Technology have been

studied with an aim to decipher and decode formulae for making new materials as

alloys, ceramics and glasses. A formula for making protein rich food extract from

common Indian grasses also has been deciphered.

The following twenty formulae for new materials consisting of special alloys,

ceramics and glasses have been deciphered and some of them were actually produced

based on the formulae from the ancient Sanskrit texts of Vimana Shastra (quoting

Lohatantra), Amsu Bodhini, Kritaka Vajra Nirnaya, etc., based on the dictations of the

texts and formulae by the Late Pandit Subbaraya Shastri of Anekal (1855 - 1940 A.D).

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

S.NO.

NAME

DESCRIPTION

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1

2

3

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1.

"Tamogarbha Loha"

A lead alloy capable

of light absorption

Status :

Already produced in the laboratory, light in weight, black in colour, found to be

resistant to acids.

Displayed high level of absorption for laser light (from red Ruby laser - as observed by

prof. Robert Anderson of San Jose State University during his visit to India in

December 1991). Some chemical and other properties found to be unique - patentable

new alloy.

A laboratory test done in 1996 in Physics Department of Osmania

University, Hyderabad indicated laser absorption characteristics upto 79% of

incident light from a laser. (this alloy was used in `Tamo Yantra' in the Vimana Shastra

for the purposes of absorption of light escaping from a photochemical reaction which

resulted in absorption of light, thereby generating `darkness').

"Pancha Loha"

(not the well-known

Panchaloha for

making idols)"

2.

A copper alloy which is

highly malleable and also

highly corrosion resistant

to salt (NaCL)

Status :

Already produced and characterised to possess:

a) Golden Yellow Colour (described i the Sanskrit text as

colour).

b) Corrosion resistance to moisture and salt water (displayed

2

weight loss of only about 0.00335 mg/dm / day in 3% NaCL solution).

c) High machinability and on micro structure analysis found to be single phase alloy with

high malleability (described in Sanskrit as `mridulam' or `soft').

d) Characteristics, composition and properties found to be not listed in ASM

Reference (1988) and therefore patentable new alloy.

"Araara Tamra"

3.

Status :

Already produced and characterised to possess:

a) Golden Yellow to reddish tinge (described in Sanskrit text as `Hema Varnam' or

golden

colour).

b) Brittle, light and hard on micro structure analysis found to be two phase alloy.

c) Very hard (Young's modulus 16.9) (described in Sanskrit textas `Dridham' or

`strong').

d) Characteristics, composition and properties found to be not listed in ASM

Reference (1988) and therefore patentable new alloy.

"Chapala grahaka

(ceramic)"

Status :

4.

`Hema Varnam' or golden

A copper alloy zinc, lead

and iron of light absorption

A fine porcelain type of

ceramic

Already produced and characterised to be resistant to all acids and alkalis.

"Chapala grahaka (glass)"

5.

Status :

Already produced and characterised to be resistant to acids and alkalis.

Refractive index found to be 1.614. (highest known among soft glasses made at low

temperatures).

"Ravi Shakti

Apakarshana

darpana (glass)"

6.

A soft glass (of low temperature melt)

A special glass concent-

trating (visible) light

energy in sun light

Status :

Already produced and study of optical properties is not yet done.

"Ushna Shakti

Apakarshana

darpana (glass)"

7.

A special glass for

concentrating the heat

energy in sun light

Status :

Fully deciphered and to be produced in the laboratory.

"Badhira Loha"

8.

Status :

Fully deciphered and to be produced in the laboratory.

9.

"Vidyut

darpana"

A sound proof alloy

A special glass that has

capability to neutralize

electrical discharges as

lightning

Status :

Fully deciphered and to be produced.

10.

"Raja Loha"

A high-heat-absorbing alloy

used for the bodies of

various flying crafts.

Status:

Fully deciphered and to be produced in the laboratory.

"Rudanti Mani"

11.

Status :

Fully deciphered and to be produced in the laboratory.

"Rutika Mani"

12.

Status :

Fully deciphered and to be produced in the laboratory.

"Abhra Mrid

darpana"

13.

A special material

A special material

A special mica glass

Status :

Fully deciphered and to be produced in the laboratory.

"Sunda Mrit

Kacha"

14.

A special glass

Status :

Fully deciphered and to be produced in the laboratory.

15.

"Pingala

Adarsha"

Status

Fully deciphered and to be produced in the laboratory.

16.

"Somanka Loha"

Status

Fully deciphered and to be produced in the laboratory.

17.

"Ravi Shakti

Apakarshana

darpana"

Status

Fully deciphered and to be produced in the laboratory.

A special glass

A special alloy

A special glass with solar

heat collecting properties.

"Hatakasya Loha"

18.

A Copper alloy with golden

appearance.

Status

Fully deciphered and to be produced in the laboratory.

"Vata

Stambhana

Loha"

19.

A copper, iron, lead alloy

Status

Fully deciphered and to be produced in the laboratory.

"Ghantarava

Loha"

20.

An alloy that has high

sensitivity to different

types of sounds.

5. Vakra Prasarana Yantra – Design and Fabrication.

The Arara Tamra (item no.3 above) was described to be basic alloy material for making

the cylindrical frame enclosure for the Vakra Prasarana Yantra given in Vimana Shastra.

This machine has been reproduced as a working model at M/s MTE Industries,

Hyderabad. This Yantra is an advanced machine. This machine was stated to enable

sharp turns, circular motion and reverse turn of Vimana or any vehicle. This machine is

found to be a gear mechanism with sixteen gear wheels in a conical design. This has one

input and two outputs. One of the two outputs moves in the same direction as the input

while the other output moves in the opposite direction as the input. The speed of the

second output also is higher than the first output. Multiple outputs can be taken out.

Such a mechanism is unknown and new in today’s machine design. Patent application is

being made for this Yantra.

6. Low cost Protein rich food from Grass

In addition to the above materials, a formula for producing a protein rich food extract

(powder) from specific Indian grasses is also deciphered. The Central Food Tech.

Research Institute, Hyderabad has certified that the powder extracted from the

specified grasses shows about 13% protein content. Other tests from nutrition and

medical angles are to be taken up. This activity is aimed at producing low cost

protein rich food products (as powder, biscuits, malt etc) based on this formula

7. Agni Sthambhana or Fire Resistance

In addition to materials produced or deciphered as above, a technique for preventing

and resisting fire and burning is also developed. Two techniques / solutions have

developed for Agni Sthambhana or Fire resistance :

a) for preventing burning of inflammable objects as paper, cloth and wood

b) for preventing burning of human body.

It has been noted that in both the above cases the fire will not be allowed to be

caught (or burning to start) even after continuous exposure to flame for upto 30

seconds. (Normallyfire catches any inflammable material with 0.5 seconds and any

moist material within 3dampened with this liquid do not catch fire and can also be used

to put off fire or escape unburnt in fire even after long exposure to flame). A Patent

has been obtained for this invention from Madras Patent Office.

8. Anahara or Avoiding food

A recipe for a special type of biscuit has been developed. This biscuit when consumed

upto 50 g dose can help overcome hunger and skip a meal for about 3 - 4 hours. Upon

medical trial, was found very useful in obesity and diabetic cases.

9. Conclusion

This investigation provides the basis for identifying the veracity of the description given

in source of the Sanskrit texts dealing with materials and also machine design. While it is

not clear how these texts originated or whether they are authentic, the experimental

approach only attempted in finding out the validity of the description of preparation of

some special materials such as alloys, glasses, ceramics, etc., and also one machine Vakra

Prasarana Yantra. Even though some persons have hinted at the whole text being a

modern work, composed by the oral deliverer himself, the experimental results uphold

the veracity of the textual contents and also indicate lack of availability of these materials

and machines in their exactness in modern times, thereby hinting at an ancient historical

origin.

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Thanks and Regards

Skanda kumar K M